Federal Bul Pite (fundamental of federalism ‘Federal’ cih pen minam tuamtuam te tawh a ki lam khawm gam te ah ki zang pha diak hi.(Gtn-India, – Switzerland,….) Federal a mu khia mi pil te in ‘Federal cih pen suahtakna i cih Democracy sep khiatna hi’ na ci uh hi.Tua a hih man in Federal leh Democracy pen a tuam hi lo in a ki zom pha mahmah a hihna ki mu thei hi. A diak in ei Kawlgam dan aa minam tuam tuam tawh a ki lam khawm gam te ah Democracy tawh i kal suan leh Federal in zong a zuih loh a pha mawh a hihi. Tua a hih man in a nuai aa Federal hong pian khiatna ki uk dan te i en suk dong hi.
- Federal koi pan hong ki pan khia hiam? ‘Federal’ i cih kam mal pen ‘Latin’ kammal a hi ‘Foedus’ pan hong pai hi, a khiat na pen ‘ Thu kimna'(Agreement) cih na a hi hi. Kam mal dang khat in gen leng gamkee(state) tuam tuam, minam tuam tuam te ki pawl khawm in thu neihna, uknate hawm diam diam cihna zong a hihi. Federal ki ukna tawh a ki lam gam te pen kum zalom 18 (the 18th century) hun pan in hong piang khia hi. Leitung bup ah 40% gam te in Federal ki ukna na zang uh aa, 33% gam ten a hi uh leh Federal ki uk na i a kee khat khawng bek na zang uh hi, Federal taktak hilo cih na hi pah hi.
- Federal thu khun tawh ki uk zia Federal gamte ah gam kee te in thu khun a gelh theih na’ang in a tawm pen a dang gamkee nih peuh mah thukimna tawh gambup kumpi te kiang ah ngen thei uh hi. Thu neihna a ki hawm na mun te ah Federal gam te zuih loh pha mawh cih thukhun om tuan lo aa, a dang a zang gam te tung pan pilna la in Federal thukhun bulpi te tawphah aa, ei mau gam ki uk zia ding pen i gam paizia tangthu tung ah ki nga uh hi. Federal bulpi te in! Federal a kee khat a zang gam te ah pen gamkee te thu neih na a hi ciang khat pia in, tua lo teng gam bup kumpi te in luah siat uh hi. Federal full State taktak hilo cih na hi.(Gnt – Canada, India….etc). Tua ciang Federal Union gam te ah gamkee tuamtuam te a hi ( State, District, Town, Region, Province,…..etc) te beh lap, puah cih ahi zong in gam bup kum pi in khen satlo in mipi a tam zaw thukimna tawh ki kip sak hi. Federal thukhun om bang in ki khensat zaw hi. Cih nopna ah gamkee te pen (Full State) a hih manin tua gamkee kum pi thu nei te in a ki sam bang in sem ding cih na hi.
- Federal thukhun bulpi te bawlphat zia Federal ki uk na a zang gam te ah thukhun bulpi te a bawl phat nop uh leh gambup mipi (2/3) or (3/4) in a thu kim leh bawl pha thei uh hi. Gtn-US gam ah thukhun bulpi a bawl phat nop uh leh innpi tung nung (Upper house, ei gam dan hi leh Amyothar Hlutdaw) leh innpi nuai nung (Lower House, ei gam dan hi leh Pyituh Hlutdaw) nih tuak ah gambup taang mi te thu kim na seh (3/4) thukim na tawh bawl pha thei uh hi. Hih thukhun bawl phat na ih cih pen gammi a tam zaw te thukim na tawh ki kip sak (Federal Law) thukhun bawl phat kik nop leh cih a gen na a hihi
Federal ki uk zia leh ki dal, ki huutna(Security) lam
1. Gamkee sung ah Gamkee galkap om zia gamkhat pen Federal Union ki ukna tawh a kal suan leh galkap zong Federal Union Army a hih kul hi cih Federal Pupi te mah in na gen uh hi. Tua ahih man in gamkee te ah Federal thukhun bulpi te tawh ki tukalh lo in galkap a tuam in nei thei hi. Gtn – Switzerland gam bang hi leh Security lam Union mi 300 tung siah koih theih na omlo hi. Gamkee kumpi thu neihna nuai ah (police, bodyguard…..etc) a dang Security tuam tuam ten zong Federal thukhun bulpi te tawh ki tuak in om sak thei uh hi.
2. Gambup galkap om zia gambup galkap te in (tuilam, van lam,…etc) galkap te a tuam in len ding uh hi. Gambup galkap ah gamkee tuam tuam te pan mipha zah tawh ki zui in gambup galkap ding puak sawn ding uh hi. Galkap te sep ding pen gambup makai te thu neih na nuai ah gamdal dam huut na tawh ki sai khempeuh sem ding hi. Gam khat pen Federal Union tawh a kal suan leh gambup thu nei te uk na nuai aa om galkap leh gamkee thunei te uk na nuai aa om galkap ci in namnih om dinga tua teng khempeuh ki gawm in ‘Federal Union Army’ ki ci ding hi. Gamkee sung ah pen Gamkee galkap te leh police te in full power thu neihna nei pha mah mah hi. Ahi zong in gamkee te zong pen Federal Union cih gam a lam a phut khawm a hihna tawh ki zui in gamkee sung ah Gambup galkap leh police te zg Federal thu khun bul pi mah tawh ki tuak in hong om veve ding aa tua te pen gamkee leh gambup ki zop na zumpi te, Gamgi gate te ah zong mun hong la ding uh hi.
Federal ki uk na ih zat na te ah a thupi mahmah thu thum
- Suahtakna i zatna ah zong a dang gamkee te ii hamphat na suahtakna ding a nawngkai sak hi lo in i vekpi aa ding a phat tuam nasep hi ding hi. Aki lekkim na sep na a hih ding thu pi mah mah hi
2. Kipawl khawm aa sep na bangbang i sep khop ciangin maa ki tun zo pan hi. Gammi a kua mah ciat in Democracy thu khun ngeina te peello in man nei tak in i zuih ding ki sam hi. Tua bang in i zuih leh Federal i cih te pen damdam in i tung ding hi.
- Ahoih ki uk na : Atamzaw gam mite khantohna ding sep nate ah thuman lampi tawh sep ding ki sam hi.Kam dang khat in gen leng thukhun tung ah kua mah omlo in kumpi pa aa ki pan gammi khempeuh a ki bang in thukhun nuai ah thuman tak aa i kalsuan ding ki sam hi.
Hih a tung a te ngaihsun kawm in i gam ah koi ci dan Federal zang leng ki tuak pen ding cih i muh theih na’ng in leitung ah minam tuam tuam tampi te ten khopna a hi India gam Federal zat zia leh minam pi thum te ten khop na Switzerland gam ii Federal zatziate i en suk ding hi.
India gam leh Federal ki uk na
India gam pen August, 1947 in mikangte tung pan suahtakna na ngah uh hi. Amau gam pen gamkee tuam tuam 502 tawh Republic of India cih na phut khia uh hi.
- Thukhun
A thukhun uh pen mikang hun lai aa a ki gelh sa ahi 1937 (India Act Law) tawphah in kum nih taang ding pan a ki kupna uh pan thukhun thak hong gelh khia uh hi. Thukhun thak lampi honna tawh ki zui in tu in gamkee(State) 28 leh gambup ukna huam gamkee nih om hi. Mizoram leh West-North lam pen gam bup kumpi in direct in a uk a hihi.
India gam i thukhun bulpi sung ah ukna thukhun khen (395) om in leitung ah a sau pen thukhun a hihi. Gambup kumpi in thukhun bawl theih na tuamtuam nam (971) nei in gamkee kumpi in nam 66 nei uh hi. Gambup leh gamkee kumpi te neih khop thukhun bawl theih na pen nam 47 om aa, a zenzen in neih khop thukhun bawlna te ah buaina a om leh innpi(Hlutdaw) pan aa a bawl thukhun pen a kip a hihi.
- Innpi (Hlutdaw) om zia ki lam zia
Innpi (Hlutdaw) te pen gamkee leh gambup tuak ah om hi. Gambup innpi tung nung (Upper House) ah tangmi 250 leh innpi nuai nung (Lower House) ah tangmi (500) om uh hi.
- Gam uk kumpi ding te ki teel zia
India gam pen Switzerland, Germany, USA gam te tawh ki banglo in gamkee kumpi (State minister) ding pen Gamkee sung mipi te mah in teel khia ngiat uh hi. Gambup kumpi (PM) ding zong pen gamkee khempeuh leh gambup huam gamkee te pan in teel khia uh hi.
Switzerland gam leh Federal ki uk na
Switzerland gam pen German, France leh Italian minam tuam tuam te ten khopna gam khat a hihi. Gambup mi (1.65%) pen German kampau, (18.4%) pen France kampau leh (9%) pen Italian kampau a hi uh hi. Unite Nations Organization (UNO) ki pawl na ii a lian nih na (2th Greater Office) pen Geneva khuapi ah ki hong hi.
1. Thukhun
Switzerland gam i thukhun bawl na a hi (Federal Assembly) ah Council Of State leh National Council ci in nam nih om sak uh hi. Counceller a bawl phat nop uh leh mipi te in khat thukimna tawh bawl pha thei uh hi. Khuapi uk neu a hi Myonee level ciang ah zong Thukhun bawl theih na,Thu khen theihna vaihawm theihna te sep theihna pia uh hi. Gammi numei ten 1971 kum pan mee pia thei uh aa, tun a hih keh gam i taangmi in zong ki teel theita uh hi.
(2) Gam ki-uk zia
Gambup ah thunei vaihawm mi 7 innpi (Hluttdaw) ah teel in, tuapen (Federal Council) ci uh hi. Switzerland gamah kampau namli om ahih manin, azum zongah tua kampau namli mah zum lai in zangpah uhi. Asum laidal tung uh zong tua kampau namli mahtawh gelh uhi. TV, Channel, News genna te ah zongh kampau namthum zangh uhi.
(3) State Council ah mi 7 aom mah bangin zum zongh 7 om in tuate in
– Gamdang tawh kizopna zumpi (Foreign affairs) Gamsung tawh kizopna zumpi (Interior affairs)
Thukhen leh Police zumpi (Justice and Police affairs), Gamdalna lam tawh kizom zumpi (Military affairs), Sumzeekna lam tawh kizom zumpi(Finance affairs),Mipi nuntakna lam tawh kizom zumpi (Public Economy affairs),kizopna mei (electric) lam tawh kizom kumpi (Transportation, Communication, Energy affairs) te ahi uhi.
Switzerland gam belpawl pihte (1) Republic (kiteelna tawh gam ukna). (2) State (Belpawlgamkee). (3) Canton (Gambup khennenna). (4) Autonomous Province (Amau leh amau ki uk gammang). (5) Autonomous region (Amau leh amau ki uk theihna mun). (6) Union Territories (Belpawl gam 2 ii 1). (7) National areas (Minam te ii mun leh gam te).
Theih ding : USA, CANADA, AUSTRIALIA, INDIA, MEXICO, SOVIET RUSSIA cih te pen Federal Union gam taktak te ahi uh hi.
Behlap: Kawlgam in I lunggulh mahmah ahi Federal ki ukna pen bang hun ciangin ki ngah ding hiam cih leh hih Galkap kumpi ukna I zawh ciangin ei khut sungah tung zo pan ding hi. Mipi in liangko kikim in na sem khawm thei ding I lunggulh leh tulaitakin hih anaa tawh ukna hong la te izawh kul hi.
Laigelh ; TL Tunpi (Physics 3rd KU, Phun-Om Village Tedim Township, Chin State.
Thupilua post zel o sya
Thupi lua ei Sia Khual!!