PASIAN THU AH PHILOSOPHY LEH THEOLOGY HONG LUTNA THU
History ih et ciangin Greek kumpi Alexander the great pen BC 326 kumin Babylon gam a Indus lui ah gal kido pih ding om nawnlo ahihmanin a khitui luang hi cih kigelh hi. Alexander in BC 334 kumin Asia Minor teng zo a, tua hun a kipanin Egypt, Gaza, Tura, Palestine, Samaria leh Judah gam te uk a, tua teng pen Greek mite ukna gam ki ci hi.[ Simon Horn blower, “Greek Identity in the Archaic and Classical Periods” in Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms, Ashgate Publishing, 2008, pp. 55–58.]
Alexander hun a kipan in Greek mite pilna sang in minthang mahmah uh a, Philosophy leh politics ah zong theory leh argument (kinialna) tampi piang sak uhhi. [Griffin, Jasper; Boardman, John; Murray, Oswyn (2001).The Oxford history of Greece and the Hellenistic world. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. 140.ISBN 0-19-280137-6.]
‘Theology’ ih cih pen ‘theos’ cih Greek pasian min pan kila ahihi. Tua pen Sawltak sung a ih muh Zeus pasian tangthu sung ah kimu hi. [Illiad, The fall of the last Tyrant]. Greek theology pen Greek philosophy tawh kizom ahihmanin Alexander hun a kipanin leitung mun tuamtuam ah kizel hi. Christian Bible Sinna a theology ih cih pen Greek pasian Theos cih pan a kila sawn ahihi. Theologian cih zong pen Greek Mythology huang sunga thusinna ki cih na hi a, Bible sung a Abraham’ Pasian, Isaac’ Pasian, Jacob’ Pasian tawh kisai kha hetlo hi. Tua ahihmanin Theology cih pen Christian te sungah cik a kipan hong lut hiding hiam?
Greek kumpi (emperor) Alexander the great pen kum 32 a phak kum BC 323 in si hi. Alexander a sih ciangin ama ukna gam sung teng a uk nuam in a uk sawn Governor teng kituh uhhi. Palestine gam sung a Israel mite omna teng zong Ptolemy te ukna nuai ah om hi. Ptolemy te ukna nuai pan Judah mite in kum 125 sungah suahtakna Jewish Independent ngah uhhi. [Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 308-246 BC. Mahlon H. Smith. Retrieved 2010-06-13].
Ahihangin Jewish Independent hun sungin Alexander kumpipa min tap sak in Egypt gam a a kisat Alexandria pen Jew mite a dingin Greek mipil te Philosophy in a ukcipna ding na hi gige hi. Hebrew Bible pen Greek Bible in kitei a, ‘Septuagint’ ci uh a, Hebrew pau sangin Greek pau tam zat zaw uh a, pilna khempeuh Greek lai tawh sin uhhi. Judah mi tampi te in Hebrew pau mangngilh in Greek pau tam zat zaw uhhi. A taktak in Greek pau in Israel te Pasian thu a gen uh hangin Hebrew te pau zah in Israel’ Pasian thu bun zo taktak lo hi cih tuhun a mipil te in commentary in gen uhhi. . [“Bible Translations – The Septuagint”. Jewish Encyclopedia. com. Retrieved 10 February 2012.] Thukhun thak sung a Hell cih na zong Greek pau Haides cih pan kila hi a, tua Haides pen Greek pasian Zeus sanggampa min hi a, Haides a khiatna pen leinuai a uk pa, gawtmun ukpa cih na ahihi. [Jennifer M. Dines, The Septuagint, Michael A. Knibb, Ed., London: T&T Clark, 2004.
Tua banah Greek pau in a kibawl ‘Apokrifa’ bu zong Judah mi tampi in sang zolo ahihmanin Bible sungah kihel lo hi. Ahihangin ‘Apokrifa’ len Greek te hun lai a Judah mite tangthu source ahi; Makabia I leh II te om hi. [Rick Grant Jones, Various Religious Topics, “Books of the Septuagint”, (Accessed 2006.9.5).]
BC 281in Egypt a uk Ptolemy khit ciangin Selucia te sung pan Antiochus III- na in Palestine tawh uk khawm a, Judah te a dingin hoih mahmah hi. Ahihangin Antiochus-III in Rom te a lelh a kipan in Judah mite bawlsiat kipan hi. Ama khit ah Selucus IV in zong Judah te mah nakpi in bawlsia hi. Antiochus IV in a ma min pen ‘Ephiphanes’ ki ci a, pasian mi in ka piang hi cih na hi a, Greek biakna leh kumpi thu kizom sak hi. Antilchus-IV in Jerusalem khuapi sim a, Judah te biakna thu leh ngeina khempeuh khakcip sak hi. Jew Bible te haltum sak a, kumpi thupiakna tawh Judah te voksa ne sak in Temple ah Greek pasian milim koih sak uhhi. [ANTIOCHUS IV., EPIPHANES. Jewish Encyclopedia, I906.]
Makabia(1:43,52) ah Greek Philosophy leh Myths te zuih teitei dingin thu kipia a, Judah mi tampi in a upna uh nusia uhhi, ci in kigelh hi.
Tua Hellenistic Judaism(Greek Philosophy leh Judaism kigawm) hun lai in Siampi Matthias leh Makabi te makai in Judah te in kumpi lehdo uh a, Jerusalem khuapi a lak zawh uh ciangin siampi lianpen leh kumpi dingin Jonathan kipsak uhhi. Ahihangin Biakna thu ah Judaism a up uh hangin politics, Philosophy leh ethics thu khempeuh pen Greek te vi ve zang uhhi. Judah te sungah zong Makabi te(Sadducee) pawl in Greek Philosophy te deih lo uh a, Hasidim pawlte leh Farisai te pawl in Greek Philosophy, politics leh ethics te deih uh a, hih deih kibang lo te zong pawl nih kisuah in kilem lo uh a, ahihangin Greek lam a deih zaw te gualzo zaw uhhi.
[Nicholas de Lange (ed.), The Illustrated History of the Jewish People, London, Aurum Press, 1997, ISBN 1-85410-530-2].
Makabi leh Hasidim siampi te in Greek ukna pan Rom te ukna ah a om dongun Judah te siampi sem suak uhhi. Tua hun sungin Lai Siangtho hilhcian na gelh uh hi. BC 4 na ciangin leitheite(scribe) cih piang leuleu in laitheite in Siampi te hilhcianna pan teisawn in Thukhunlui gelh pha kik uh a, Oral Law (Mishnah)ki ci hi. Hih Mishnah pen Greek mipil te politics thu leh Philosophy te tawh kinai thei pen dingin a kigelh ahihi. Mashnah hilhcian na khen tuamtuam in bawl kik uh a, hilhcianna zong bawlpha kik zel uhhi. Jerusalem ah a bawl uh pen ‘Jerusalem Talmud’ ki ci in Babylon ah a bawl uh pen ‘Babulon Talmud’ ki ci hi. [Strack, Hermann, Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, Jewish Publication Society, 1945. pp. 11–12.]
Topa Jesu in Mashnah te bawl phat kik ‘Jerusalem Talmud leh Babulon Talmud te pen deih vetlo hi. Mikveh(Torah) in Sabbath ni siangtho sak un cih bek gelh hi. Mishnah leh Talmud te in Sabbath ni in theigah keuno tawh kikim dingin lenggah zu tuihai khat a kihel sa, bawngnawi kamkhat, sathau lunilh khat, khuaizu meima nuh khat zah bek ne ding cih bangin bawlpha hi. Tua pen Sabbath ni in Topa Jesu leh nungzui te tawh Lo ah pai in buhvui a zut ni un Farisai te leh Thukham hilh te in a mawh sak na uh pen Talmud Thukham hang hi a, Topa Jesu in a dawn kik na pen Talmud Thukham hoih a saklohna tawh a dawng hi zaw hi. Israel te vi ve kikhawl ahihmanin Sabbath tanglo ding ci lo in a zat dan a gen hizaw hi. A taktak in Topa Jesu hun a Thukham kizang te pen Moses Thukham a puahphat kik uh Mashnah(Talmud) kizang tam lua ta cih na ahihi. Topa Jesu in Moses Thukham khat zong gensia hetlo in thukhun lui sung a omlo; Farisai te, Sadducee te, Thukham hilh te leh Laitheite thu a nial hi zaw a, amaute pen Topa Jesu in nakpi takin thuhilh in tai in ko gawp lel hi.
Tua ahihmanin Judaism upna ih cih zong Moses Thukham te pen Malachi leh Matthew kikal silent period hun kum 400 sungin Judah te kipawlna tuamtuam; Farisai, Sadducee, Zealot, Thukham hilh te, Laitheite akipan biakna sungah thunei nuam kipawlna tampi piang a, Moses Thukham (Classical Judaism) puahpha in bawl pha uh a, Topa Jesu tawh nakpi takin kinawk pah uhhi.
Israel te in Hebrew Bible a khah suah uh Greek lai tawh a kitei a kipanin Greek kumpi te, Persia kumpi te, Babylon kumpi te leh Rom kumpi te khut sungah a tun uh a kipanin Moses Thukham siangtho (Classical Judaism) taktak ki zang nawnlo in Greek Philosophy leh Greek Theology te tawh kihel zau gawp hi. Tuhun ciangin Greek Philosophy leh Theology ih gen gen te kipat na pen Topa Jesu pian ma BC pen pan a kisin toto ahihi.
Ka ngun, ka kham, le ka na manpha tampite la-in, na biakinn sung uhah na puak uh hi. Judah le Jerusalem mite, amau’ gam panin gamlapi-ah paipihin, Grik mite tungah na zuak uh hi. (Joel 3:5-6)
Grik mite, sim nadingin Judah, thal bangin keekin, Israel thaltangin ka zang ding a, Zion mite, namsau-in ka zang ding hi.Tuucingpa in a tuuhonte
lauhuaina panin a hotkhiat bangin, tua ni ciangin Topa, amau’ Pasian in a mite a honkhia ding hi. Kumpi lukhu tungah a om suangmanphate bangin ama gam sungah a mite taang ding uh hi. (Zekhariah 9:13,16)
Tua ciangin Jew mi uliante khatlekhat kiho uh a, “I muh zawh loh dingin hih mipa koi lai-ah paisawm hi ding ahi hiam? Jew mite omna Grik khuapi tuamtuamte-ah pai-in Grik mite kiangah thu hilhsawm hi ding ahi hiam? ‘Kei nong zon uh hangin nong muzo kei ding uh hi,’ a cihna leh ‘Keima omna munah nong pai thei kei ding uh hi,’ a cih ciangin bang a cihnopna hi ding ahi hiam?” ci-in a kikum uh hi. (John 7:35-36)
Pawi hun sungin Pasian bia dingin Jerusalem khua-ah a hong pai mite lakah Grik mi pawlkhat a om uh hi. (John 12:20)
Jesuh a kikhaina mun pen Jerusalem khuapi tawh kinai ahih manin Judea gammi tampi in hih lai kigelh a sim uh hi. Tua lai pen Hebru lai, Latin lai, le Grik lai-in a kigelh hi. (John 19:20)
Paul in Timoti tonpih nuam ahih manin a vun a atsak hi. Tua gam a om Jew mi khempeuh in Timoti’ pa pen Grik mi ahih lamtak theikim uh ahih manin tua bangin a atsak ahi hi. (Sawltak 16:3)
Pasian in ama pilna hong zang a, mihingte in amau’ pilna tawh pasian a theih zawh loh nadingun a bawl hi. Tua ahih manin mite in, “A haihuai thu,” ci-in a ngaihsut uh i thuhilhna a umte, Pasian in hotkhiatna a piazaw hi. A uptheih nadingun Jew mite in nalamdang kal uh a, Grik mite in pilna a thupisak uh hi. (1 Cor 1:21-22)
Kei tawh a kithuah Titus nangawn Grik mi hinapi-in a vun ki-atsak tuan lo hi. (Galati 2:3)
Sawltak te Paul tawh a kithuah Timothy leh Titus zong Greek mi ahihi.
Hih thu ka gelhna hangin tuhun a Philosophy leh Theology a gen sia leh hoihlo hi cih na hilo in Judaism upna sungah Greek Philosophy leh Theology a lutna thu leh Sawltak te hunah Greek te pilna thu a gen nuam ih hi zaw hi.
A kai khawm : NK Nang
